论建筑审美与艺术的共通性

建筑艺术具有书法之势、音乐之韵、绘画之境、诗词之意……建筑艺术与其他艺术之间的广泛的共通性不仅丰富了建筑艺术的美学内涵和审美属性，而且也为不同审美主体在建筑审美活动中感发审美情思、驰骋审美想像提供了多样化的条件和契机。     

基于原位监测的边坡滑动原因初步分析

目前，人们常常借助实验室对边坡滑动的机理进行模拟分析，从而得出各种各样的滑坡模型，这些模型各有千秋、难分伯仲，在适用性方面也各有所长，实践发现，用实验室模型研究成果来代表实际滑坡的代表性误差有时会相当大，甚至有时会出现很大的谬误。从根本上弄清滑坡的实际机理是一个非常重要的问题，以原形监测分析法十余年的原位监测数据为依据，初步分析了边坡滑动的外因与内因，利用数学模拟原理初步总结出了边坡滑动与诸滑坡因素间的关联关系。同时叙述了边坡原位监测的一些行之有效的方法与技术手段（包括GPS、测量机器人等）。     

岩体弹脆性损伤本构模型及工程应用

应用连续介质损伤力学理论，从岩体内部微裂纹产生和扩展的损伤机理出发，推导出应变空间表示的坚硬岩体的弹性－损伤耦合的各向异性弹脆性损伤本构模型，并给出相应的损伤变量演化方程。根据拉西瓦水电站坝址区花岗岩体的试验结果，及现场原位洞的反分析结果，计算得到岩体的弹脆性损伤本构关系式。     

基于亚塑性理论的无粘性土压缩试验应力应变的研究

根据亚塑性理论推导出了颗粒体材料压缩试验的应力应变方程,研究了亚塑性本构模型中颗粒硬度hs和指数n的实验确定方法,并且指明其不足之处。根据亚塑性理论和优化方法,提出了用局部搜索最优解来确定hs和n的方法。结果表明,文中方程可以用来确定压缩试验的应力应变关系。     

堆积体湿化试验及其状态相关弹塑性模型模拟

通过双线法大型三轴湿化试验,研究了较密与较松两种密实度的土石混合堆积体,在不同围压σ₃下湿化前后力学特性的变化规律,分析了湿化对土石混合堆积体的割线模量E₅₀、临界状态摩擦角、峰值状态摩擦角以及临界状态线位置的影响。结果表明,湿化作用会引起堆积体的割线模量E₅₀、临界状态摩擦角与峰值状态摩擦角的衰减,明确了土石混合堆积体湿化前后的等向固结线(ICL)与临界状态线(CSL)的变化趋势。基于无黏性土的状态相关本构模型,对湿化前后的堆积体应力应变关系进行了模拟,与试验结果对比,发现该模型较好地反映了堆积体湿化前后的剪胀特性变化。     

Synthesis and characterization of sulfonated block copolyimides derived from 4,4'‐sulfide‐bis(naphthalic anhydride) for proton exchange membranes

A series of sulfonated copolyimides (SPIs) with hydrophilic segment length of 20–60 based on 4,4′‐sulfide‐bis(naphthalic anhydride) (SBNA) have been successfully synthesized to improve hydrolytic stability and proton conductivity. The SPI membranes were cast from their m‐cresol solutions, and they were characterized by determining the water uptake, water swelling ratio, mechanical properties, hydrolytic stability, oxidative stability, and proton conductivity. It was found that the water uptake of SPI membranes was low and decreased as the hydrophilic segment length increased, which led to good dimensional stability. In addition, the SPI membranes with low ion‐exchange capacity (IEC) value displayed excellent hydrolytic stability and retained good mechanical properties even after harsh hydrolysis testing, in which the block SPI with hydrophilic segment length of 40 had the best hydrolytic stability, while those with high IEC value showed an apparent decrease. All of the block SPI membranes show better conductivity than the random ones at the temperature range from 30 to 70°C. Interestingly, the proton conductivities of random SPI membranes were higher than that of corresponding block ones at 90°C. The block SPI with hydrophilic segment length of 40 gave the highest proton conductivity as the temperature increased among the block SPIs. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41501.     

Influence of the nanofiber dimensions on the properties of nanocellulose/poly(vinyl alcohol) aerogels

The investigation of aerogels made from cellulose nanofibers and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) as a polymeric binder is reported. Aerogels based on different nanocellulose types were studied to investigate the influence of the nanocellulose dimensions and their rigidity on the morphology and mechanical properties of the resulting aerogels. Thus, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with low (10), medium (25), and high (80) aspect ratios, isolated from cotton, banana plants, and tunicates, respectively, microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) were dispersed in aqueous PVOH solutions and aerogels were prepared by freeze‐drying. In addition to the cellulose type, the PVOH‐ and the CNC‐concentration as well as the freeze‐drying conditions were varied, and the materials were optionally cross‐linked by an annealing step or the use of a chemical cross‐linker. The data reveal that at low PVOH content, rigid, high‐aspect ratio CNCs isolated from tunicates afford aerogels that show the least amount of shrinking upon freeze‐drying and display the best mechanical properties. However, with increasing concentration of PVOH or upon introduction of a chemical cross‐linker the differences between materials made from different nanocellulose types decrease. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41740.     

Thermoset composites functionalized with carbon nanofiber sheets for EMI shielding

Carbon nanofiber sheets were developed through filtering well‐dispersed carbon nanofiber (CNF) through filtering well‐dispersed aqueous solution of CNF particles with 0.4 μm hydrophilic polycarbonate membrane by the aid of high‐pressure air. They were used to functionalize composites by the resin transfer molding method. Their functionalized composites were characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), four‐point probes and a vector network analyzer to measure their morphologies, electrical conductivity, and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance over the frequency range of 8–12 GHz (X band), respectively. Their morphologies show that CNF particles are overlapped and tightly connected with each other in their interconnected networks. The CNF sheets are exposed on the surface, although their networks are partially penetrated by polyester resins. Their electrical conductivity can be 3.0 ± 0.2 Scm^?1 or so, much higher by ten orders of magnitude than the reported electrical conductivity of CNF‐filled composites. Their EMI shielding effectiveness slightly varies in a range of ?30 dB to ?35 dB as a function of frequency, much higher than that of most CNF or carbon nanotube–filled composites. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41873.     

Optimization of the spark plasma sintering processing parameters affecting the properties of polyimide

The present study deals with the optimization of polyimide (PI) mechanical properties, obtained by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS), by using a method combining Design of Experiments (DOE) with physical, structural, and mechanical characterizations. The effects of SPS parameters such as temperature, pressure, dwell time, and cooling rate on the density, mechanical properties, and structure of PI were investigated. The experimental results revealed that the mechanical properties of the material were optimized by raising the sintering temperature up to 350°C. The optimized SPS processing parameters were a temperature of 350°C, a pressure of 40 MPa, and a dwell time of 5 min. Under these conditions, a relative density of 99.6% was reached within only a few minutes. The corresponding mechanical properties consisted of Young's modulus of 3.43 GPa, a Shore D hardness of 87.3, and a compressive strength of 738 MPa for a maximum compressive strain of 61.8%. Moreover, when working at 320°C and at 100 MPa, an increase in the dwell time was necessary to enhance the properties. Contrary to the other parameters, the cooling rate appeared to be a non‐significant parameter. Finally, correlations between the PI structure and the mechanical properties were made to demonstrate the densification mechanisms. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41542.